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Math, S. K. N.
- Modifying Design Criteria for Erosion Control Structures in Arable and Non-arable Land
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Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 3 (2003), Pagination: 407-412Abstract
The 'C' value obtained from standard table by using the rational formula Q = ClA/S60 for arriving at discharges appears to be high under semi-arid conditions of,India, since in many years a high discharge is never observed. 'C' value computed from runoff data recorded under different types of vegetation cover under field conditions are presented in this paper. It is found that the 'C' value is 40 to 60% less than the value presented in the standard table. The value of modified 'C' were tested in a independent watershed in aimilar agroclimatic conditions. By adopting these values it is possible to reduce the section of a structure and thereby the cost. This was tested and it was observed that structures using the modified 'C' values performed satisfactorily. A sample calculation is also shown.
- Effect of Planting Method on Bio-fence Species, Crop Yield and Soil Conservation in Semi-arid Regions of India
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Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 7 (2006), Pagination: 818-828Abstract
The field studies were conducted at Research Farm of Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre, Bellary and in the farmer's fields in Joladarasi and Chellagurki watersheds of Bellary district of Karnataka during 2000-2003. Survival per cent, height, collar diameter and canopy spread of all the bio-fence species evaluated were higher in ridge planting over flat planting. Among the bio-fence species, Agave sisilana survived better and recorded higher collar diameter over other species. Lower runoff and soil loss was observed in ridge planting than flat planting. Ridge planting reduced runoff by 56.9% and soil loss by 87.4% over flat planting. Agave sisilana and Euphorbia tirucalli were found more efficient in reducing runoff by 34.6% and 31%, soil loss by 61.9 and 48.4% and conserving 16.4 and 12.4% higher soil moisture over control respectively. At research farm, sorghum yield was higher by 37% when planted with Agave sisilana and bengalgram yield was higher by 23% when planted with Euphorbia tirucalli. Grain yield of sorghum, sunflower and bengalgram crops were higher by 22, 42 and 11% respectively in ridge method over flat method of planting. Sorghum, sunflower and bengalgram crops when planted away from bio-fence species (2-4 m) recorded 7.1%, 4.8% and 6.7% higher yields as compared to near to bio-fence (<2 m) species. The performance of Agave sisilana and Euphorbia tirucalli planted in ridge method of planting was better with minimum effect on crop yields with better soil and water conservation.- Energy, Economics, and Water Use Efficiency of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars in Vertisols of Semi-Arid Tropics, India
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1 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre (ICAR), Bellary 583 104, IN
1 Central Soil and Water Conservation Research and Training Institute, Research Centre (ICAR), Bellary 583 104, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 107, No 4 (2014), Pagination: 656-664Abstract
Pulses play a major role in providing overall prosperity to the small and marginal farmers through nutritional security by meeting their dietary protein requirements and improving production base through conservation of natural resources. Inclusion of pulses in the cropping system as a crop rotation improves soil fertility and crop productivity of cereals and oil seeds. Chickpea is one of the important pulses cultivated in Vertisols during winter season. We examined chickpea cultivars for energy use efficiency, economics, physiological efficiency and water use efficiency (WUE) under different rainfall situations for their sustainable yield and overall profit, in Vertisols of semi-arid tropics of South India. Results revealed that low input energy and high grain and stover yields of cultivars result in higher total output energy and net benefit energy. Higher dry matter efficiency of 0.702 was observed with medium-duration cultivar, whereas WUE was higher in short-duration cultivar followed by medium-duration cultivar. We conclude that medium- duration cultivar and short-duration cultivar are more suitable for the SAT region in terms of greater energy benefits, higher income per unit area, physiological efficiency and water use efficiency. Thus short-duration cultivar could be cultivated during normal to above normal rainfall years and during normal to drought years in winter season on residual soil moisture in Vertisols medium-duration cultivar for higher energy efficiency and economics.Keywords
Chickpea, Cultivars, Dry Matter, Economics, Energy, Water Use Efficiency.Full Text